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Robert Smalls
Robert Smalls (April 5, 1839 – February 23, 1915) was an enslaved African American who, during and after the American Civil War, became a ship's pilot, sea captain, and politician. He freed himself, his crew and their families from slavery on May 13, 1862, by commandeering a Confederate transport ship, the CSS ''Planter'', in Charleston harbor, and sailing it to freedom from Confederate controlled waters to the Federal blockade. His example and persuasion helped convince President Lincoln to accept African-American soldiers into the Union Army.
Smalls was born in Beaufort, South Carolina. After the American Civil War, he became a politician, winning election to the South Carolina State legislature and the United States House of Representatives. As a politician, Smalls authored state legislation providing for South Carolina to have the first free and compulsory public school system in the United States, and founded the Republican Party of South Carolina. He was the last Republican to represent South Carolina's 5th congressional district until 2010.
==Early life==
Robert Smalls was born in 1839 into slavery in a cabin behind the house of his master, Henry McKee, on 511 Prince Street in Beaufort, South Carolina.〔("Robert Smalls, War Hero and Legislator" ), Beaufort County Library.〕 He grew up in the city under the influence of the Lowcountry Gullah culture of his mother, Lydia Polite, a slave of McKee.〔(Robert Smalls—Official Website and Information Center )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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